Several surgical options exist for managing knee cartilage injuries, depending on the size, location, and severity of the defect.

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These may include:

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• Direct cartilage repair

• Autologous cartilage grafting, using the patient’s own cartilage cells

• Osteochondral autograft transfer, where healthy cartilage is transferred from a non weight bearing area

• Osteochondral donor grafts​.

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Each technique is selected based on individual patient factors, joint biomechanics, and long term functional goals.