When the patella (kneecap) dislocates from its groove or recurrent episodes of patella instability occur despite structured rehabilitation, surgical stabilisation may be recommended.

Patellar dislocation can result in significant knee instability, discomfort, and associated cartilage injury, particularly when instability becomes persistent or is linked to underlying anatomical factors.

 

MPFL Reconstruction

 

Modern patella stabilisation surgery centres on reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), the primary soft tissue stabiliser preventing lateral displacement of the kneecap.

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During MPFL reconstruction, a tendon graft from the patient’s own knee is used to restore ligament function and improve patellar tracking. This procedure is designed to enhance knee stability and reduce the risk of recurrent dislocation.

Where present, cartilage injuries associated with patellar dislocation are typically addressed during the same surgical procedure.

 

Addressing Underlying Anatomical Factors

 

In many patients, patella instability is influenced by structural variations that predispose the kneecap to abnormal tracking.

 

These may include:

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• Patella Alta (high riding patella)

• Abnormal lower limb alignment

• Trochlear dysplasia

• Rotational bone abnormalities

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In the presence of significant anatomical factors, isolated MPFL reconstruction may not provide long term stability. In these cases, additional procedures such as osteotomy or trochleoplasty may be recommended to optimise knee biomechanics and achieve durable results.

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For patients experiencing recurrent patella dislocation, knee instability, or patellar tracking problems, consultation with a knee specialist in Melbourne is recommended.