Knee Arthritis

(Osteoarthritis of the Knee)

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Knee arthritis, most commonly osteoarthritis, is one of the leading causes of chronic knee pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. It occurs when the cartilage within the knee joint gradually wears away, exposing the underlying bone and leading to pain during movement and weight-bearing.

Symptoms of knee arthritis often include stiffness, reduced ability to fully straighten or bend the knee, swelling, and mechanical symptoms such as clicking or catching. Pain may be felt deep within the knee or localised to a specific area, and in some cases may radiate down the shin. Conditions such as hip arthritis or sciatica can mimic knee pain, making accurate diagnosis by a knee specialist in Melbourne essential.

The menisci, which act as shock absorbers in the knee, often become worn and degenerated as part of the arthritic process. This is different from an acute meniscus tear and typically reflects underlying joint degeneration rather than an isolated injury.

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Non-Surgical Treatment for Knee Arthritis

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In the early stages, knee arthritis is best managed with conservative treatment, including:

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• Weight management

• Physiotherapy and strengthening exercises

• Anti-inflammatory medications (non-opioid)

• Corticosteroid injections

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These approaches aim to reduce pain, improve function, and delay progression of arthritis.

 

Surgical and Advanced Treatment Options

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For more advanced cases, treatment depends on the location and severity of arthritis:

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• Total knee replacement is effective for widespread arthritis, particularly in older patients

• Partial knee replacement may be suitable when arthritis is limited to one compartment

• Osteotomy surgery can realign the knee to offload damaged areas, especially in younger patients

 

While alternative treatments such as injections, biological therapies, and newer techniques are often promoted, many have limited evidence of long-term effectiveness. Careful assessment is essential to determine the most appropriate and evidence-based treatment.

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In selected cases, procedures such as cartilage preservation, meniscal transplantation, osteotomy, or radiofrequency ablation may provide benefit.