Osteonecrosis

(Avascular Necrosis) Melbourne

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Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis, is a condition where loss of blood supply leads to the death of bone and surrounding cartilage. It most commonly affects the hip (femoral head) and the knee, and can result in joint pain, stiffness, and progressive joint damage if not managed appropriately.

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Causes of Osteonecrosis

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Osteonecrosis can develop due to a range of factors, including:

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• Excess alcohol consumption

• Trauma, such as fractures of the femoral neck

• Joint malalignment causing increased pressure on specific areas

• Certain medications or underlying medical conditions

• Idiopathic causes (no clearly identifiable reason)

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Understanding the underlying cause is important in guiding treatment and preventing progression.

 

Osteonecrosis of the Hip

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In the hip, osteonecrosis leads to gradual deterioration of the femoral head, the ball component of the hip joint. In younger patients, joint-preserving procedures such as core decompression and revascularisation may be considered in early stages. However, these procedures have variable outcomes, and in more advanced cases, hip replacement surgery remains the most reliable and effective treatment.

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Treatment and Management

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Not all cases of osteonecrosis require surgery. Early-stage disease may be managed with monitoring, activity modification, and addressing underlying risk factors.

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Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include:

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• Identifying and managing contributing factors

• Monitoring disease progression

• Joint preservation strategies in selected cases

• Surgical intervention where appropriate

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Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help slow progression and reduce the risk of joint collapse or involvement of the opposite limb.